Contributi di Stefania Dazzetti

By law or by statute. Belonging and autonomy in the legal experience of contemporary Italian Judaism 

ABSTRACT. The essay retraces the salient passages of the juridical condition of the Jews of Italy, from the second emancipation (1848) onwards, around the pivotal principles of community autonomy and individual belonging, which during the different eras - liberal, fascist, republican - have taken on different normative qualifications and consequent historical meanings. The historical perspective thus illustrates the unique and paradigmatic character of the Jewish case for the tension that has gradually been established between institutional reasons and individual demands, between the 'necessity' of the community and the 'freedom' of the Jews. From the reconstruction it emerges how, in the different moments, the initiative of the minority prevailed over the action of the State, mostly called upon to acknowledge the requests and solicitations of the Jewish leadership.

SOMMARIO - 1. Premessa - 2. Tra emancipazione e tradizione. Modelli comunitari in età liberale - 3. Dal Consorzio delle Università israelitiche alla legge del 1930 - 4. L’autonomia confessionale. L’intesa con lo Stato e lo statuto dell’Unione delle Comunità ebraiche del 1987 - 5. Cenni conclusivi.

SOMMARIO - 1. Confessionale, laico o pluralista? La difficile classificazione di un modello sui generis - 2. Tra conflitto sociale e accomodamento politico - 3. Dal pluralismo religioso al pluralismo istituzionale. La questione del matrimonio civile.

SOMMARIO - 1. L’emancipazione dei culti tollerati e la condizione giuridica degli ebrei piemontesi al momento dello Statuto Albertino - 2. Primi tentativi di riordino delle Università israelitiche (1849-1856) - 3. Il progetto di Riforma degli ordinamenti amministrativi ed economici del culto israelitico (1857) - 4. La Sinistra radicale in dissenso. Riccardo Sineo e i ‘diritti di libertà’ degli israeliti - 5. Alla ricerca di un juste milieu.

The Organic Law for the Piedmontese Israelite Communities of 1857. The debate and the choices of the Subalpine Parliament

ABSTRACT: This essay aims to reconstruct the story of the enactment of the organic law for Piedmont's Israelite Communities (n. 2325), which in 1857 the Subalpine Parliament approved at the end of a close political debate. In the aftermath of the emancipation - granted in 1848 by Charles Albert to the religious minorities, Waldensian and Israelite, present in the Kingdom of Sardinia - the leaders of the Israelite Communities asked the Savoy government to regulate by law the legal-administrative structure of the community institutions. It was only through a legislative measure, in fact, that the Israelite Communities would be able to retain the privilegia fisci, such as the right to levy taxes on their members and to collect communal taxes through tax-collecting rolls, which until then they had exercised under special pre-statutory provisions. The organic law passed by Parliament recognized the Israelite Communities as necessary corporations, each of which included all Jews residing in the municipality of erection, thus incardinating them into the order of the State, which exercised control and protection over them.

SOMMARIO: 1. Israele, uno Stato ‘ebraico’ e multiculturale? - 2. Il sistema degli statuti personali e la tutela delle relazioni familiari - 3. Matrimoni, divorzi e Corti religiose - 4. Pluralismo, multiconfessionismo e dinamiche demografiche. Prime conclusioni e prospettive di ricerca.

Forms and practices of the religious pluralism in the State of Israel. The Ottoman inheritance and the protection of family relationships.

ABSTRACT: The essay aims to explore, also in a historical perspective, the general characteristics, peculiarities and limits of the differentiated protection of family relationships in force in the legal system of (State of Israel), still based on the millet system. It allows the application of the personal statutes of the various ethnic-religious communities (Jewish, Muslim, Druze, Christian) present on the territory, not only to regulate the legal institutions typical of family law - especially marriage and divorce -, but also for the resolution of disputes on the matter that are devolved to the jurisdiction of the religious Courts of several religions. In examining the effectiveness and functionality of this model of religious and cultural pluralism, the study highlights the delicate problems of relevance and coexistence of the different religious normative complexes in the Israeli state system.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il congresso israelitico di Ferrara (1863) - 3. Il disegno di legge Vacca del 1865 - 4. Il congresso israelitico di Firenze (1867) - 5. Conclusioni.

The legal framework of the italian Jewish communities in the first decade of Italy’s unification

ABSTRACT: The essay deals with the unification of the normative structures of the Italian Jewish communities after the Unity, by reconstructing the extensive debate that took place in the Jewish context. It then analyzes the legislative proposal of extending Rattazzi's law of 1857 to the entire national territory, which was presented by the Italian government to the Parliament in 1865. Finally, it gives an account, through a vast and largely unpublished archival documentation, both of the choice of individual communities to maintain the legal systems in force in the pre-unitary italian States, and of the attempts, advanced in the parliamentary center between the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, of abrogation of the Rattazzi's law, considered, due to its jurisdictional traits, in contrast to the principles of the liberal State.