The Church "is" communio fidelium and "has" communio hierarchica: foundation and consequences from a canonic constitutional approach 

ABSTRACT. Ecclesiology has undergone an important development since the Second Vatican Council: it has moved from an institutional ecclesiology to an ecclesiology of communio. Canonical science seeks to adapt to this reality. But in some approaches, communio fidelium and communio hierarchica are still considered on the same plane; in practice, communio fidelium would become a “product” or a “result” of communio hierarchica. But this introduces a “harmful separation between theory and practice” (cf. Veritatis gaudium, n. 4). In this paper I will explain, from a constitutional canonical approach more in line with the ecclesiology of the Second Vatican Council, the foundations and consequences of the instrumentality of the communio hierarchica in relation to the communio fidelium, and what it means that the ‘institutional principle’ is born of the ‘communitarian principle’ (Hervada).

SOMMARIO: 1. Planteamiento - 2. Iglesia-Misterio, Iglesia-Comunidad y Iglesia-Sociedad - 3. El protagonismo de la communio hierarchica antes del Concilio Vaticano II - 4. Modos de relacionar la communio fidelium y la communio hierarchica - 5. La Iglesia “es” communio fidelium y “tiene” communio hierarchica - 6. El principio institucional nace del principio comunitario - 7. La autoridad nace de la comunidad - 8. La forma de gobierno eclesial procede de una norma divina positiva - 9. Conclusión: algunas consecuencias canónicas.

The origins of the idea of Russkij mir 

ABSTRACT: The doctrine of Russkij mir is the result of a long historical process marked by the progressive distancing of Russian Orthodoxy from Constantinople with the refusal of the Grand Prince of Moscow to accept the decisions of the Council of Florence. In the space of a few years, the metropolis of Moscow proclaimed its de facto autocephaly and the bond of subordination of the Sacerdotium to the Imperium was strengthened, especially starting from the Council of 1503 which saw the monastic current led by Iosif of Volokolamsk, who stated a close bond between Church and sovereign. prevail on that represented by Nil Sorsky, who supported the independence of the Church from civil power. At the beginning of the 16th century, the monk Filofej from the Pskov region enunciated the theory of the Moscow third Rome and the transfer of the imperial capital from Constantinople to Moscow. Since then the symphonic relationship between Church and Empire has been upset, no longer signifying the harmonious collaboration between them, but the prevalence of civil power over religious power, which will culminate in 1721 with Peter the Great's decision to abolish the Patriarchate established in 1589. From then on the history of the Church will be that of the State. With the end of Bolshevism which marked the full subjugation of the Church, a new symphony was reconstituted between civil and religious power: the latter provides the former with the theological justification for the affirmation of Russkij mir, or the obsessive claim to also impose manu military the hegemony of Moscow and the supremacy of its Orthodoxy as the only way to eliminate Evil and impose Good in the reconstituted great Empire of Russia.

About a recent formal Note of the Holy See on the legal doctrine of 'discovery'. Towards a revirement of the traditional orientation? 

ABSTRACT: This article intends to conduct an brief analysis on the significance of some recent pronouncements of the Catholic Church that question the foundations of the traditional doctrine of discovery, which has been forged by the colonial powers since the sixteenth century and has found particular expression in the nineteenth-century legislation and jurisprudence of the courts of several countries, including the United States and Canada.

SOMMARIO: 1. Gli esordi del colonialismo nel ‘Nuovo Mondo’ e il ruolo della Chiesa cattolica - 2. Presupposti teorici e ricadute della doctrine of discovery sulla giurisprudenza circa gli American Indians. Il sistema canadese delle Residential Schools - 3. La Nota formale a cura del Dicastero per la Cultura e l’Educazione e per il Servizio dello Sviluppo Umano Integrale del 30 marzo 2023 – 4. Prime reazioni delle Conferenze episcopali della regione a margine del pronunciamento curiale - 5. Aspetti internazionali del problema e rilievi conclusivi

Current Law and Religion

ABSTRACT: Current Law and Religion, rethought as a subsector of public law having as its object the freedom of the religious dimension of the personality, variously posed - even ir-religious or a-religious -, is able to counter the power of the majorities but also of the totalizing tendency religious minorities. And it facilitates the jurisdiction in seeking a "reasonable accommodation".

SOMMARIO: 1. Le fonti non rinnovate - 2. L’affievolimento del dualismo e del bilateralismo - 3. Il diritto ecclesiastico attuale come diritto pubblico delle religioni - 4. Contro le maggioranze ma anche le minoranze di potere - 5. Il confronto con la giurisdizione.

Parents-children Relationship: The Role of Freedom of Religion and Conscience

ABSTRACT: This article analyses the most recent case law concerning the role of freedom of religion and conscience in the parents-children relationship. There are essentially two disputed issues: first, to what extend the increased capacity for choice of the child may conflict with the educational role of parents; second, in which way to promote the development of the child in an open and peaceful environment, reconciling the rights of his parents.

SOMMARIO: 1. Notazioni preliminari - 2. Le divergenze tra i genitori sulla scelta dell’insegnamento della religione cattolica - 3. Le divergenze tra i genitori sulla scelta tra scuola pubblica o privata confessionale - 4. L’interesse “superiore” del minore a un ambiente aperto e pacifico e il dubbio del perpetuarsi di una discriminazione religiosa dei genitori appartenenti a minoranze confessionali - 5. I rischi di una crescita di interesse per l’homeschooling determinata dall’esigenza di un pieno controllo educativo dei genitori sui figli minori - 6. Libertà religiosa dei genitori e tutela della salute del minore - 7. Beni relazionali, interesse del minore e libertà educativa dei genitori.

Algunas impresiones personales en torno a la evolución de la asignatura del Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado en las últimas décadas

Some remarks on the development of the subject of Law and Religion in Spanish legal studies

ABSTRACT: These remarks take as their initial pretext the recent publication of an academic work offering a retrospective view of the development of the subject of Law and Religion in Spanish universities which, in the author's opinion, is deeply biased and therefore gives a distorted image of both the current situation of this discipline in our legal studies and its future expectations. Against this, the author offers here his own personal impressions on the subject.

The right to religious freedom and its exercise between centralisation and self-goverment. Lights and shadows in the Spanish experience

ABSTRACT: The analysis of the regulation of religious freedom and its exercise in Spain, where a quasi-federal system of territorial distribution of power is in force, highlights the existence of regulatory disparities that cause differences in its exercise, hindering real equality in the enjoyment of this right. The removal of these obstacles requires twofold action. On the one hand, regulatory changes are needed to adapt the regulation of the exercise of religious freedom to the reality of a decentralised territorial model, so as to adapt the exercise of the right to the specific reality of religious diversity in each territory. But, on the other hand, it requires that equality of the basic conditions for the exercise of the right to religious freedom be guaranteed; which, in such a model, must be done through intergovernmental cooperation (in the so-called " Sectoral Conferences ").

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. El desarrollo del derecho de libertad religiosa por la Ley Orgánica de libertad religiosa - 3. La regulación del ejercicio de la libertad religiosa en las comunidades autónomas. ¿Existe cooperación entre el Estado y las CCAA y de estas entre sí que garantice la igualdad en el ejercicio de la libertad religiosa? - 4. Comunidades autónomas y el ejercicio de la libertad religiosa - 5. Instrumentos de cooperación intergubernamental e interadministrativa - 6. Los Acuerdos con rango de ley con las confesiones religiosas en el sistema de fuentes.

For a critical analysis of the war experience in the Western civilisation (from war-duels to the “blind” ban on so called aggression) 

ABSTRACT: In taking up the threads of a meditation recently begun in this Journal, the Author manages to update its profile within an increasingly decisive criticism of the Briand-Kellogg pact: unnatural resolution of the dialectic between national interests in a pure et simple of so-called aggression of one state by another. The criticism moves in particular from the nature, no less brutally political than the war itself, of the UN decision to ban the alleged aggressor, without any analysys whatsoeverof the underlying reasons that constituted the basis for it, in the presence of a shared judging body and impartiality, capable too of suggesting possible conciliatory measures also with regard to the damage already caused by the war. The essay concludes by deriving the need to overcome the noted backwordness of the UN Charter on this point, channeling it into the context of a culture of “mild law”, inclined to wards the gradual overcoming of the “sovereign state” model, in the context of the recent development of nonimperial federal forms of coexistence and non- violent collaboration between nations.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa - 2. Sull’uso della forza nella rivoluzione oceanica - 3. Tra legittimismo ottocentesco e rivolta delle nazioni - 4. Sulle note di anarchia dei rapporti internazionali fra le due guerre mondiali - 5. (segue). ... e sulla fondamentale questione dell’impotenza giudicante dell’ONU - 6. Conflitto e aggressione nell’anarchia succeduta alla Santa Alleanza - 7. (segue) ... contro l’autodichia esasperata delle potenze egemoni - 8. Itinerari alternativi (non bellici) alla decisione di guerra -9. (segue) ... in tema di costituzioni europee e di coercizione nei trattati “di pace” - 10. Verso orizzonti nuovi in materia di riformismo costituzionale?

Voodoo rites and the crime of enslavement: a new judicial recognition of the cultural variable (note to Criminal Court of Cass., sect. I, 3 February 2022, no. 3796)

ABSTRACT: This contribution analyses the ways in which the Supreme Court dealt with a cultural element, that of the voodoo ritual, in a case of enslavement of some young Nigerian girls, forced into prostitution. Through a focus on the arguments that the judges of legitimacy use to attribute to this cultural variable a leading role in the compression of the personal freedom of the victims, it will be highlighted how the instrument of the anthropological expertise was important to bring out the network of meanings assumed by the ritual in the cultural perspective of the victims and to explicate its binding force. The attention given to the cultural context of the victims is interpreted here as symptomatic of an openness to cultural diversity, capable of providing effective protection and, for this very reason, a model that can also be replicated in other areas of the legal system, such as that of international protection. This point of view is explored through a brief analysis of some of the cultural contexts in which voodoo rituals are widespread and of their potential harm to constitutionally guaranteed rights, even outside of hypotheses strictly related to trafficking and prostitution.

SOMMARIO. 1. I fatti all’origine della sentenza - 2. La trattazione dell’elemento culturale da parte dei giudici - 3. La complessità del fenomeno vudù - 4. Dal diritto penale alla protezione internazionale: vudù, stregoneria ed effettività della tutela dei diritti fondamentali.

Islam and processes of radicalization: a criminological view

ABSTRACT: The process of radicalization of the so-called ‘third wave of jihad’, composed of children of immigrants who grew up at the margins of Western cities, is analysed. Radical Islam has offered such young people an ideology capable of recomposing their fragmented life stories, by making them fighters and martyrs in the West (homegrown fighters) or in the Caliphate (foreign fighters). The paper describes the models of radicalization processes of European jihadists, sketching the biographies of those who have joined the ‘holy war’. The reasons for such a choice are interpreted in light of criminological subcultural theories that move from normative and cultural conflicts and anomic frustration. The jihadist subculture is understood as a collective solution to the problems of adaptation in an exclusionary society, to transform the stigma into a sign of distinction.

SOMMARIO: 1. La radicalizzazione islamica come questione di sicurezza nazionale - 2. Definire la radicalizzazione tra ideologie estremiste e azioni violente - 3. Le fasi del processo di radicalizzazione in Europa - 4. La marginalità urbana e il jihad - 5. L’ideologia islamica radicale violenta come subcultura del riscatto.