Contenuti per la categoria: Famiglia

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Brevi cenni sul contesto normativo internazionale - 3. La valenza della prassi internazionale: in particolare, il ruolo degli organismi internazionali indipendenti - 4. La giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo e la rilevanza delle convinzioni religiose dei genitori - 5. Segue: il rispetto del diritto all’educazione dei minori - 6. Il limitato rilievo dei principi generali a tutela dei minori e la necessità di riconoscere loro un locus standi in sede processuale.

Children's right to religious freedom: between international norms and practice

ABSTRACT: Religious freedom is considered a cornerstone of democratic societies, a vital element that contributes to forming the identity of believers and, with reference to minors, the course of their education and upbringing, accompanying them to adulthood. In international law studies, the right of minors to religious freedom, understood as the set of international obligations imposed on States, in both the negative and positive senses inherent in its achievement, has been little explored. The paper aims to identify systematic elements to help reconstruct the “minimum” content of a child’s right to religious freedom, pursuing two main lines of investigation: one relating to the exercise of freedom of worship in the various social contexts in which minors grow up; the other inherent in the educational project that leads them to adulthood. Recognition of the child of a locus standi in the independent court of law compared to that of the family members in charge of his care will help to realize the subjectivity of the child even in such a sensitive subject matter as religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La genitorialità intenzionale nell’attuale giurisprudenza italiana - 3. Profili critici - 4. La questione di illegittimità costituzionale - 5. Scenari possibili.

The Sins of the Fathers. Comment to Corte di Cassazione, judg. n. 8325 April 29th 2020.

ABSTRACT: This essay examines the Italian judgement (Ordinanza) n. 8325, issued on April 2020, that has raised a question of constitutionality against the jurisprudential address which, appealing to the limit of the public order, excludes the Italian recognition of foreign jurisdictional decisions that ascertain the right to be inserted - as an intentional parent - in the birth certificate of a child born through the so-called “surrogate motherhood”. In particular, after a survey of the current Italian case law (§ 2) and the problems that it raises (§ 3), the essay examines the arguments advanced by the judgement (§ 4), wondering about its possible outcomes (§ 5).

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: lo Stato di diritto e alcuni suoi corollari - 2. La ‘rivoluzione clandestina’ conseguente al recente fenomeno dell’espansionismo giurisprudenziale - 3. La giurisprudenza italiana in materia giusfamiliare: un esempio eloquente di giurisprudenza creativa - 4. L’affidamento condiviso e il diritto alla bigenitorialità secondo i giudici italiani - 5. L’assegnazione e la perdita della casa coniugale secondo i giudici italiani - 6. L’affidamento dei minori a soggetti terzi e la responsabilità genitoriale secondo i giudici italiani - 7. Il mantenimento diretto secondo i giudici italiani - 8. L’ordine di distrazione di somme dovute da terzi a uno dei coniugi secondo i giudici italiani - 9. Conclusioni.

Legislation versus Case Law (with special regard to Family Law).

ABSTRACT: Starting from historical analysis of the knowledge of ‘Rechtstaat’, the following essay is dedicated to the evolution of domestic juridical system, particularly with reference to the attitude of the Italian courts towards legislation. That’s like attending a kind of ‘clandestine revolution’: case law does not seem anymore submitted to statutory legislation, but statutory rules are neglected and manipulated by judicial order. This is particularly clear in family law; that means that judges make law against legislation by the use of general clauses. This essay outlines the necessity of adherence to positive law as guarantee of certitude and defence against arbitrariness and judicial excess, contrary to the authors who claim that law-making is essential to the jurisdictional role.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. I precedenti giurisprudenziali - 3. Un nuovo ruolo per i giudici tunisini? - 4. La tutela dei diritti e delle libertà: tra comparazione e fiqh - 5. Profili comparatistici. Il processo di rettifica del genere in una pronuncia della Corte d’appello di Beirut - 6. Considerazioni conclusive.

A landmark decision concerning gender rectification in Tunisia: the right to a private life between comparative law, international law and fiqh

ABSTRACT: The decision of the Tribunal of Tunis, concerning gender rectification in public registries of a transgender FtM person who underwent sex reassignment treatment, is an example of innovative case law. The judgment, changing the previous case law, is characterized by the use of the comparative method, so that, in the grounds for ruling, legal principles from different foreign jurisdictions and the fiqh coexist. Specifically, the Tribunal of Tunis, showing an open and dialogical approach to other jurisdictions and legislations of the globe, has consecrated the fundamental human right of gender rectification in public registries, rarely recognized in other Arab countries.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. El concepto de educación-enseñanza, vinculado a la libertad religiosa y el pluralismo - 3. El proselitismo o incitación articulada para compartir una opción de vida - 4. El concepto de adoctrinamiento, como conducta lícita e ilícita - 5. Consecuencias jurídicas: la educación y sus parámetros - 6. Consecuencias jurídicas: El proselitismo legítimo y el abusivo o ilícito - 7. Los conflictos del proselitismo en el seno de la familia, según el TEDH - 8. Consecuencias jurídicas: el “adoctrinamiento” en la educación familiar y reglada - 9. El adoctrinamiento en los tipos penales - 10. Conclusiones.

Education, proselytism and indoctrination: profile and legal treatment

ABSTRACT: Nowadays the identity is a big question, and his preservation depends by a great deal on the education, the proselytism and the indoctrination. These three concepts, close and complex, demand a juridical explanation. This study looks for to light up them, in the European and Spanish context, through the legislation and the case-law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Libertà e diritti fondamentali - 2. Amministrazione e diritto alla salute - 3. Amministrazione e diritto all'unità familiare, all'istruzione e alle prestazioni sociali - 4. Amministrazione e diritto di proprietà - 5. Per una effettività dei diritti fondamentali attraverso l'amministrazione.

Public Administration and Fundamental Rights

ABSTRACT: Moving from a brief historical reconstruction, the present contribution examines the theme of fundamental rights, focusing in particular on those that are ultimately the subject of profound debate, such as the right to health, especially due to the implications it presents with other highly discussed issues such as, for example, the end-of-life, as well as the right to family unity, with particular reference to foreigners. He also pauses to analyze more traditional fundamental rights such as the right to property and the right to education.

SOMMARIO: 1. Ricognizione costituzionale del fenomeno educativo - 2. L’educazione familiare - 3. L’educazione scolastica - 4. L’educazione religiosa.

Educational Institutions in the Italian Constitution

ABSTRACT: According to the current Constitution, Italy presents itself as a pluralist and participatory democracy, in which certain functions aimed at enhancing the human person are not taken directly by the State – except in exceptional cases in which the public authorities intervene, for reasons of necessity, in a subsidiary or supplementary way – but they are normally assigned to specific social subjects (or formations), among which the educational institutions have a special and qualified position. The present contribution intends to highlight that the Italian “social State” does not present itself as a “educating State” in its own educational models that the public structures impose in an authoritarian way on the single components of the national collectivity. On the other hand, the Italian Constitution, in recognizing social relevance to the educational function, assigns its concrete management to certain “"pedagogical agencies” or “educational institutions” operating autonomously within the civil society: among which the qualified family holds a qualified position. School and religious confessions. They do not operate in the name or on behalf of the State, but operate within a framework of legal, cultural and institutional guarantees and pluralism, within a normative framework dictated in this regard by the constitutional text and by ordinary legislation. By carrying out the special role assigned to them by the Italian legal system, educational institutions participate in the democratic dynamics of the country, contributing with their work to the construction and evolution of the civil and national community.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa circa il contesto e le motivazioni della lettera al Pontefice - 2. La Correctio Filialis de Haeresibus Propagatis: punto di arrivo o di inizio di un dibattito? Antecedenti storici e parallelismi da precisare nelle argomentazioni degli estensori - 3. Un bersaglio polemico non sorprendente: l’Esortazione Amoris Laetitia. Questioni pastorali e contrapposizioni tra visioni diverse sul diritto della Chiesa - 4. Lo stylus del Pontificato. Temi giuridici e prospettive future per lo studio dell’ordo iuris ecclesiae: prime conclusioni.

Lights and shadows of a controversial document: the "Correctio filialis de haeresibus propagatis". Some outlines in Public Canon Law. 

ABSTRACT: The aim of this essay is to study and to analyze the current debate about recent Pope Francis’s propositions and affirmations regarding the Roman catholic doctrine and the concrete development of religious marriages in secular societies. One of the most important documents disputing the latest reforms and measures could be considered the so called “Correctio Filialis de Haeresibus Propagatis” that is intended to be a sort of manifesto of dissatisfaction and disappointment against the renewal of a comprehensive and tolerant approach in Canon Law’s rules concerning the status of divorced people and the assumed “irregular” civil unions. In spite of underlining some important aspects, probably not completely deepened by the Pope, that document at the same time undervalues the conceptual efforts to make the doctrine adequate to answer to a typical sense of restlessness in our time, even from a legal point of view.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: la necessaria precedenza della libertà religiosa sulla laicità - 2. Radici etico-religiose del matrimonio, libertà religiosa e origini del matrimonio civile - 3. Il matrimonio civile: tra neutralità e ideologia - 4. Ritorno del fenomeno religioso nell’età della secolarizzazione: ricadute in materia matrimoniale - 5. La restituzione di matrimonio e famiglia alla società civile e alla religione - 6. La (ri)conquista di spazi di “diritto personale” e ritorno alla disciplina religiosa del matrimonio - 7. Diritto alla tutela dell’identità e “princìpi non negoziabili” dello Stato democratico. Conclusioni.

Marriage and family between secularism and religious freedom

Abstract: Given that between secularism and religious freedom there is a relationship of instrumentality of the first compared to the second, in the essay there’s a recall to the ethical-religious roots of the marriage’s legislation, which, starting from the Protestant Reformation and then from the French Revolution has undergone a process of secularization and secularism with the birth of the civil marriage. It is a process that has been motivated (also) by reasons of religious freedom, but which has led, by the State, to the subtraction of the marriage’s subject from the society. Today there is a substantial return from the state to the society of the discipline about the various forms of life and family communions, and this, in a religiously pluralistic society, involves (also) the return of the marriage to the religion.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il divieto di maternità surrogata nell’ordinamento italiano - 2. Diritto ebraico e bioetica - 3. “Crescete e moltiplicatevi”. Il precetto divino di procreare e la maternità surrogata nel diritto ebraico - 4. Conclusioni.

Some starting points for comparison between Italian law and Jewish law on surrogate motherhood

ABSTRACT: Recent scientific progress in reproductive biotechnologies implies significant transformations in terms of the value and culture of the concept of maternity, which is no longer attributable to the legal definition of “mother” offered by Italian civil legislation. Assisted reproductive technologies separate the reproductive aspect and sexual union of the couple, finally leading to the metamorphosis of the relational dynamics underlying the “family identity” and the birth of new types of biolegal contracts. The study sets out to compare the approach that the Italian legal system reserves for the phenomenon of surrogacy with that which has developed at the heart of Jewish law. The interesting variety of opinions of the rabbinical authorities, which express both the Orthodox positions and the more progressive ones, show how Jewish speculation around bioethical reproductive issues has led to a respectful comparison of knowledge and judgements of the minority opinions that enter, with equal dignity, into the legal debate and are enhanced by the absence of a superior interpretation.