SOMMARIO: 1. Un piccolo volume destinato a uso degli studenti universitari e dei candidati ai concorsi pubblici (carriera direttiva) - 2. Il diritto ecclesiastico negli anni settanta - 3. Sette capitoli, inseriti in due parti e un’Appendice, sulla Natura dei Patti lateranensi.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La disciplina dell’esercizio della fede nei penitenziari inglesi - 3. La diversità delle fedi in carcere e il ruolo delle community chaplaincies - 4. Il carcere come spazio multi-religioso e i nodi irrisolti dall’Equality Act del 2010 - 5. La discriminazione per motivi religiosi nella giurisprudenza inglese e gli obblighi di prestazione a carico della pubblica amministrazione.
Freedom of worship and Religious Diversity in English Prisons
ABSTRACT: This article aims to highlight different aspects of the practice of faith in the British prison system. While the 1952 Prison Act gave a preeminent position to the chaplains of the Church of England, in the last decades multi-faith spaces of worship and spiritual-care groups have multiplied. Furthermore, ‘community chaplaincies’ and volunteers are active players in rehabilitation programs, especially in preventing recidivism, which is higher among ethnic and religious minorities. Both the Human Rights Act of 1998 and the Equality Act of 2010 have contributed to promote an ‘inclusive’ approach to religion pluralism, granting access to spiritual assistance and equal treatment among prison inmates. However, it is worth to consider if a State-centred management of religious diversity is a sustainable choice before the growing judicial litigation related to prisoners’ freedom of worship.
SOMMARIO: 1. L’Islam tra le mura del carcere: le ragioni di un intervento, gli obiettivi del Protocollo - 2. Uno spiraglio di libertà: la fede in regime di detenzione, le garanzie normative e le risposte alla diversità religiosa - 3. Mediatori o ministri di culto? Un ruolo ‘sospeso’ tra definizioni giuridiche e prassi - 4. Visitate i detenuti: La questione dell’ingresso negli istituti detentivi, criticità applicative e novità del Protocollo - 5. Conclusioni.
Granting Islamic religious ministers admission to prisons, amid long-lasting issues and reformation perspectives. The Agreement between the Prison Administration Department and the Islamic Communities Union.
ABSTRACT: As religious diversity in Italian prisons grows, accommodating prisoners’ religious needs tries legal paradigms and instruments out. In 2015 the Prison Administration Department signed an agreement with UCOII, one of the largest Islamic associations in Italy, in order to grant admission in prisons to intercultural mediators and religious ministers. This article seeks to situate the covenant in the wider context of the Italian legal protection of religious freedom in prison, highlighting three main purposes of the agreement: providing Islamic prisoners with religious assistance, enforcing rehabilitative programs and combating violent radicalization in jail. After two years the experience has shown good evidences. Nonetheless, contended issues still remain unsettled. While evaluating feasible solutions, the article advocates a legislative intervention that could assess criteria and procedures for religious ministers’ access to prisons fulfilling the principle of equality and non-discrimination.
SOMMARIO: I. Premessa. - 2, 3, 4, 5. Concorrenza del diritto dello Stato e della Chiesa a qualificare i medesimi comportamenti: possibili conflitti. - 6, 7, 8, 9. Valutazione canonistica del problema. Illiceità del matrimonio civile fra cattolici. Questione dei limiti concordatari ai poteri punitivi dei superiori ecclesiastici in Italia. Valutazione della questione sotto il profilo dell’opportunità canonica. - 10, 11, 12, 13. Sua valutazione statualistica. Posizione del diritto della Chiesa rispetto a quello dello Stato. Natura del rapporto fra fedele e superiore ecclesiastico pel nostro ordinamento. Conseguenze. - 14, 15, 16, 17. Delimitazione del jus libertatis Ecclesiae. Limiti funzionali. - 18. Limiti obiettivi. - 19. Conclusione.
SOMMARIO: 1. Carcere e religione - 2. Pluralismo religioso e istanze di sicurezza - 3. Strategie di contrasto al proselitismo e alla radicalizzazione jihadista - 4. Gli ‘indicatori sulla radicalizzazione’ - 5. Le questioni aperte: prevenzione e de-radicalizzazione - 6. Cosa fare.
Between religious freedom and security issues: the prevention of jihadist radicalisation in prison
ABSTRACT: Faith constitutes an essential aspect of prison life. Its relevance has been emphasised in recent times because of the religious pluralism that characterises the current prison population. In this scenario, the rise of jihadist terrorism has shed light on the problem of radicalisation in prison, already known and studied by the experts, which poses new challenges for policymakers, prison staff, and detainees. Prison Administration has been focused on religious freedom, its boundaries and its relationship with religious extremism and has already adopted some measures to combat and monitor jihadist proselitism in Italian prisons. This paper provides an overview of these anti-radicalisation strategies in prisons, highlighting unresolved issues. These include the lack of an integrated plan with regards to prevention of radicalisation and de-radicalisation, not limited by the prison context. This paper further highlights the challenges in devising policies that address security concerns without sacrificing religious freedom and diversity, as provided for by the Constitution.
SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Premesse a una ricostruzione dello statuto dei beni culturali - 3. Il passaggio da una tutela “statica” a una valorizzazione “in chiave dinamica” - 4. Inquadramento dell’attività di valorizzazione nell’ambito dei “servizi pubblici” - 5. La possibile estensione dei processi di gestione (e di valorizzazione) ideati per i beni culturali “laici” - e ispirati a criteri economici - anche ai beni culturali di interesse religioso: la necessità dell’accordo - 6. L’organizzazione di un “servizio alla cultura” ispirato a criteri di natura economica - 7. Tentativo di individuazione dei beni culturali di interesse religioso e possibile compatibilità della gestione secondo criteri economici con la natura di questi ultimi - 8. Beni culturali religiosi e “mistero” di salvezza - 9. La programmazione e la pianificazione delle attività relative ai beni culturali (di appartenenza pubblica e non) ed esempi di modelli “condivisi”.
An "UNESCO model" for the economic management of cultural heritage of religious interest?
ABSTRACT: The article is intended to verify if the "UNESCO" management model is applicable to the management of cultural heritage of religious interest, tout court, or if, otherwise, special arrangement are required. Indeed, the UNESCO one is a model not only of dualistic management, (which implies a bilateral agreement), but moreover is inspired by purely economic management criteria. The question is whether a model created for secular cultural heritage can be assumed as a management model also for cultural heritage of religious interest, whose purpose would seem to be incompatible with the characteristics of purely economic management. The author tries to give an answer identifying the common features between the two categories of heritage.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: la necessaria precedenza della libertà religiosa sulla laicità - 2. Radici etico-religiose del matrimonio, libertà religiosa e origini del matrimonio civile - 3. Il matrimonio civile: tra neutralità e ideologia - 4. Ritorno del fenomeno religioso nell’età della secolarizzazione: ricadute in materia matrimoniale - 5. La restituzione di matrimonio e famiglia alla società civile e alla religione - 6. La (ri)conquista di spazi di “diritto personale” e ritorno alla disciplina religiosa del matrimonio - 7. Diritto alla tutela dell’identità e “princìpi non negoziabili” dello Stato democratico. Conclusioni.
Marriage and family between secularism and religious freedom
ABSTRACT: Given that between secularism and religious freedom there is a relationship of instrumentality of the first compared to the second, in the essay there’s a recall to the ethical-religious roots of the marriage’s legislation, which, starting from the Protestant Reformation and then from the French Revolution has undergone a process of secularization and secularism with the birth of the civil marriage. It is a process that has been motivated (also) by reasons of religious freedom, but which has led, by the State, to the subtraction of the marriage’s subject from the society. Today there is a substantial return from the state to the society of the discipline about the various forms of life and family communions, and this, in a religiously pluralistic society, involves (also) the return of the marriage to the religion.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: il vilipendio quale “reato d’opinione” - 2. L’evoluzione dei delitti contro il sentimento religioso - 3. (segue): la riforma del 2006 - 4. La sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 188 del 1975 - 5. L’esercizio del diritto di libera manifestazione del pensiero quale causa di giustificazione (art. 51 c.p.) - 6. Le più recenti applicazioni della giurisprudenza di legittimità - 7. Chiusa.
Are the crimes against religious sentiment compatible with the exercise of freedom of expression?
ABSTRACT: The crimes against religious sentiment, provided by the Italian Criminal Code, are mainly framed as “crimes of opinion”. Therefore, it should be ascertained whether and how those crimes are compatible with the exercise of freedom of expression, guaranteed as a fundamental right by Art. 21 of the Italian Constitution. The paper provides an overview of the jurisprudence – of ordinary courts and the Constitutional Court – and of the legislative evolution since 1930s about the crimes against religious sentiment.
SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Disegno costituzionale e rigidità politico-normative: quale strada per una equilibrata disciplina del fenomeno religioso? - 3. Conclusioni.
Equality in diversity. Religious identities and constitutional democracy
ABSTRACT: The entry into force of the new system after the fall of fascism did not constitute the resolutive element to mark a decisive turning point in the Italian ecclesiastical politics, with the implementation of a system of reforms in religious matters consistent with the innovative will of the institutional change that occurred in the Country. The consequence is that, seventy years after the adoption of the Republican Constitutional Charter, many normative provisions still conform to the inspiring principles of the fascist system, and there are many impediments to the concrete realization of the principles of freedom and democracy, with serious damage for the enjoyment of constitutional guarantees by spiritual minorities. With the approval of a general legislation on religious interests, the equal enjoyment of the fundamental rights could be achieved, both for individuals and for groups, within a framework of definitive overcoming of the fascist penalizing legislation and of fixation of the regulatory law criteria of the various treatments to protect spiritual specificities.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: fatti privati ed eventi storici di un decennio importante nella storia italiana - 2. Una tavola rotonda sul decennio 1958-1968 - 3. La disciplina costituzionale sui rapporti tra Stato e confessioni religiose. Un saggio recente sull’art. 7 della costituzione - 4. Nuova attenzione al tema dei rapporti tra Stato e Chiesa cattolica alla fine degli anni Cinquanta - 5. Il processo al Vescovo di Prato - 6. Il concilio Vaticano II e le trasformazioni della società italiana negli anni sessanta - 7. La morte di Togliatti. Le tendenze della giurisprudenza - 8. Il dibattito culturale e politico sulla riforma della legislazione ecclesiastica.
1958-1968: an important decade in the history of the relationship between “Stato e chiese” in Italy
ABSTRACT: Individuals and experiences that, in the years between 1958 and 1968, had an important influence on the civic and political growth of the author. The experience of the participation in a conference on the historical period of the decade from 1958 to 1968. The constitutional provision on relations between the State and the Catholic Church in second post-war Italy, seen in the evaluation of a book published in 2017: critical considerations. New focus was given to the issue of relations between the State and the Catholic Church in the late fifties. The trial of the Bishop of Prato in 1958. The Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965 and the transformation of Italian society in the 1960s. The death of Togliatti on 21st August 1964 and the political consequences for Italy. Tendencies in the jurisprudence on the theme of relations between the state and religious confessions. The cultural and political debate on the reform of ecclesiastical legislation. After 1968, in Italy as in other countries, the phenomenon of extraneousness between the legal state and the real state is highlighted.